среда, 8 июня 2011 г.

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  • purgan
    01-22 11:35 AM
    http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/5585.html

    The Immigrant Technologist:
    Studying Technology Transfer with China
    Q&A with: William Kerr and Michael Roberts
    Published: January 22, 2007
    Author: Michael Roberts

    Executive Summary:
    Immigrants account for almost half of Ph.D.-level scientists and engineers in the U.S., and are prime drivers of technology development. Increasingly, however, Chinese technologists and entrepreneurs are staying home to pursue opportunities. Is this a brain drain? Professor William Kerr discusses the phenomena of technology transfer and implications for U.S.-based businesses and policymakers.

    The trend of Chinese technologists and entrepreneurs staying home rather than moving to the United States is a trend that potentially offers both harm and opportunity to U.S.-based interests.

    Immigrants account for almost half of Ph.D.-level scientists and engineers in the U.S. and are strong contributors to American technology development. It is in the United States' interest to attract and retain this highly skilled group.
    U.S. multinationals are placing larger shares of their R&D into foreign countries, around 15 percent today. U.S.-based ethnic scientists within multinationals help facilitate the operation of these foreign direct investment facilities in their home countries.

    Immigrants account for almost half of Ph.D.-level scientists and engineers in the U.S., and are prime drivers of technology development. Increasingly, however, Chinese technologists and entrepreneurs are staying home to pursue opportunities. Is this a brain drain?


    Q: Describe your research and how it relates to what you observed in China.

    A: My research focuses on technology transfer through ethnic scientific and entrepreneurial networks. Traditional models of technology diffusion suggest that if you have a great idea, people who are ten feet away from you will learn about that idea first, followed by people who are 100 miles away, and so forth in concentric circles. My research on ethnic networks suggests this channel facilitates faster knowledge transfer and faster adoption of foreign technologies. For example, if the Chinese have a strong presence in the U.S. computer industry, relative to other ethnic groups, then computer technologies diffuse faster to China than elsewhere. This is true even for computer advances made by Americans, as the U.S.-based Chinese increase awareness and tacit knowledge development regarding these advances in their home country.

    Q: Is your research relevant to other countries as well?

    China is at a tipping point for entrepreneurship on an international scale.A: Yes, I have extended my empirical work to include over thirty industries and nine ethnicities, including Indian, Japanese, Korean, and Hispanic. It is very important to develop a broad sample to quantify correctly the overall importance of these networks. The Silicon Valley Chinese are a very special case, and my work seeks to understand the larger benefit these networks provide throughout the global economy. These macroeconomic findings are important inputs to business and policy circles.

    Q: What makes technology transfer happen? Is it entrepreneurial opportunity in the home country, a loyalty to the home country, or government policies that encourage or require people to come home?

    A: It's all of those. Surveys of these diasporic communities suggest they aid their home countries through both formal business relationships and informal contacts. Formal mechanisms run the spectrum from direct financial investment in overseas businesses that pursue technology opportunities to facilitating contracts and market awareness. Informal contacts are more frequent�the evidence we have suggests they are at least twice as common�and even more diverse in nature. Ongoing research will allow us to better distinguish these channels. A Beijing scholar we met on the trip, Henry Wang, and I are currently surveying a large population of Chinese entrepreneurs to paint a more comprehensive picture of the micro-underpinnings of this phenomena.

    Q: What about multinational corporations? How do they fit into this scenario?

    A: One of the strongest trends of globalization is that U.S. multinationals are placing larger shares of their R&D into foreign countries. About 5 percent of U.S.-sponsored R&D was done in foreign countries in the 1980s, and that number is around 15 percent today. We visited Microsoft's R&D center in Beijing to learn more about its R&D efforts and interactions with the U.S. parent. This facility was founded in the late 1990s, and it has already grown to house a third of Microsoft's basic-science R&D researchers. More broadly, HBS assistant professor Fritz Foley and I are working on a research project that has found that U.S.-based ethnic scientists within multinationals like Microsoft help facilitate the operation of these foreign direct investment facilities in their home countries.

    Q: Does your research have implications for U.S. policy?

    A: One implication concerns immigration levels. It is interesting to note that while immigrants account for about 15 percent of the U.S. working population, they account for almost half of our Ph.D.-level scientists and engineers. Even within the Ph.D. ranks, foreign-born individuals have a disproportionate number of Nobel Prizes, elections to the National Academy of Sciences, patent citations, and so forth. They are a very strong contributor to U.S. technology development, so it is in the United States' interest to attract and retain this highly skilled group. It is one of the easiest policy levers we have to influence our nation's rate of innovation.

    Q: Are countries that send their scholars to the United States losing their best and brightest?

    A: My research shows that having these immigrant scientists, entrepreneurs, and engineers in the United States helps facilitate faster technology transfer from the United States, which in turn aids economic growth and development. This is certainly a positive benefit diasporas bring to their home countries. It is important to note, however, that a number of factors should be considered in the "brain drain" versus "brain gain" debate, for which I do not think there is a clear answer today.

    Q: Where does China stand in relation to some of the classic tiger economies that we've seen in the past in terms of technology transfer?

    A: Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong, and similar smaller economies have achieved a full transition from agriculture-based economies to industrialized economies. In those situations, technology transfer increases labor productivity and wages directly. The interesting thing about China and also India is that about half of their populations are still employed in the agricultural sector. In this scenario, technology transfer may lead to faster sector reallocation�workers moving from agriculture to industry�which can weaken wage growth compared with the classic tiger economy example. This is an interesting dynamic we see in China today.

    Q: The export growth that technology may engender is only one prong of the mechanism that helps economic development. Does technology also make purely domestic industries more productive?

    A: Absolutely. My research shows that countries do increase their exports in industries that receive large technology infusions, but non-exporting industries also benefit from technology gains. Moreover, the technology transfer can raise wages in sectors that do not rely on technology to the extent there is labor mobility across sectors. A hairdresser in the United States, for example, makes more money than a hairdresser in China, and that is due in large part to the wage equilibrium that occurs across occupations and skill categories within an economy. Technology transfer may alter the wage premiums assigned to certain skill sets, for example, increasing the wage gaps between skilled and unskilled workers, but the wage shifts can feed across sectors through labor mobility.

    Q: What are the implications for the future?

    A: Historically, the United States has been very successful at the retention of foreign-born, Ph.D.-level scientists, inventors, and entrepreneurs. As China and India continue to develop, they will become more attractive places to live and to start companies. The returnee pattern may accelerate as foreign infrastructures become more developed for entrepreneurship. This is not going to happen over the next three years, but it is quite likely over the next thirty to fifty years. My current research is exploring how this reverse migration would impact the United States' rate of progress.

    About the author
    Michael Roberts is a senior lecturer in the Entrepreneurial Management unit at Harvard Business School.




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  • lostinbeta
    09-06 10:54 AM
    Pixel stretching is what is seen on that Splash Page. You select a 1 pixel row then use the resize tool to stretch it to the edge of your image.




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  • TeddyKoochu
    01-24 10:04 AM
    Annual Report of the Visa Office for 2010 has been released here...

    Report of the Visa Office 2010 Table of Contents (http://www.travel.state.gov/visa/statistics/statistics_5240.html)

    Table V Part 2

    India Received

    EB1 6741
    EB2 19961
    EB3 3036

    Other Info
    EB1 received a total of 41026 which means there was no spillover from EB1.

    Last year the annual cap was 149200, so EB1's share by 28.8% rule is 42963
    EB1 as you say received 41026.
    Spillover from EB1 was 42964 - 41026 = 1944 ~ 2K.

    This year we are back to the regular cap so the spillover from EB1 last year was on account of FB Spillover being added.




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  • pcs
    01-04 08:09 AM
    Many of us can not watch it for valid reasons..

    Youtube will be great ... send the link...

    Greatjob...



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  • GCwaitforever
    07-28 09:10 AM
    i just lost my job and had an approved LC with that company. i have been extending my h1 for the past 3 years now. my i 140 was withdrawn when it was first applied as the company did not give all the information when my lawyer was preparing it the second time the company gave a lot of wrong information. my current h1 expirs in dec
    what options do i have ?

    Very sorry to hear about the job loss. I believe USCIS gives about 60 days for H-1B applicants. Please try hard to get another job within this time and apply for H-1B to stay with correct status. Without approved I-140, your earlier LC can not be used for porting old priority date.




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  • bingl
    04-16 11:02 AM
    thanks weaseley ....
    We are in Kansas....I did show the 485 receipt ....they said 'its just a receipt' not an approval....and so they can't use that. I'll try calling USCIS for the letter. I hope it works since I don't want to waste money on an EAD which I am not gonna use.



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  • srkamath
    07-16 05:39 PM
    Is there offered salary criteria associated with this category?
    Yes, salary offered MUST be greater than the wage requirement for that position as determined by DOL. You can also find out the min wage requirement yourself. First determine the minimum requirements of the position for edu and exp, supervisory etc, then calculate the SVP level (specific vocational preparation i think) SVP will be in the 6 to 10 range. From the DOL website, find the SVP to wage level correlation for your occupation, wage levels are I, II, III, IV. Generally, EB2 positions will end up with SVP of at least 7 to 8 depending on occupation, when most often is at least Level II and over for wage.

    Clear as mud??, i hope i have explained it well ...




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  • walking_dude
    10-23 11:03 AM
    I have created this thread to communicate and track MI chapter activities on creation of eGroups to serve the needs of the MI chapter

    1) Data on 10/20 meet has been compiled and documented. Minutes of the Meeting will be provided to the attendees soon through a secure eGroup (files/document section)

    2) Work in progress to provide a secure, trusted E-group which provides the best features available to our community. Pilot groups have been created in Yahoo and Google to study the features, ease of use and ease of management (for the mods).

    Results so far

    Google
    ---------
    Pros :

    1) New.
    2) Has stacked thread view similar to Gmail.
    3) Ease of use (not much functionality to confuse users).
    4) Supports HTML pages and also commenting on those pages. Google search available to search the threads.
    5) New, hence not blocked in many offices ( esp mine :))

    Cons :

    1) Buggiest of the three! (I created a 'Restricted' group. None of the links are working)
    2) Key features such a Polls, Database missing.
    3) Limited management options.

    Yahoo
    ---------

    Pros :

    1) Stable
    2) Lots of management options. Powerful
    3) Powerful member features - Polls, Database

    Cons:

    1) Old/dated
    2) Text only ( unless you send E-mails externally)
    3) Options could be overwhelming to a new user!
    4) Blocked in many offices ( E-mails can still be received. Other features like Polls, Database need to be accessed from home)

    Right now, per my experience so far - Yahoo seems the best option. Let me know your ideas.

    And once we decide on a platform

    1) I need 2-3 days to setup the group to meet groups needs and expectations.
    2) MI meet attendees will be sent invitations to join the group.
    3) Others who responded to the Meet invitation but couldn't attend will be contacted to check if they wish to join the group
    4) MI chapter eGroups successfully launched!



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  • manand24
    08-03 12:14 PM
    Why is it that people who have filed after me have already received their notice and had checks cashed? I thought it is based on when the application is received is how they process- I am freaking out thinking that my application fell behind a desk somewhere....

    Wonder what is going on at USCIS? A July 2nd filer with neither receipts nor cashed checks.




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  • glus
    04-29 10:54 AM
    Hello,

    I have been on H1 for last 3 years and had applied for 485 last july as dependant for my spouse's AOS. My spouse is primary applicant for 485. I have my EAD also. I am worried that I may get RFE if I file for an H1 extension. If I am not able to respond to RFE and my H1 extension gets denied will this affect my I-485 in anyway. I am wondering whether or not to apply for H1 extension and just use my EAD.

    NO, it will NOT affect you I-485.



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  • kannan
    01-10 05:27 PM
    Mine is still in CA only.no transfer and no FP




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  • chi_shark
    08-20 03:07 PM
    you are dreaming about points 1 and 2 as marked in your post below. democracy is about govt by the people for the people. got nada to do with taxation. Maybe you live near washington dc and are confused with what they write there on the asses of their cars. 2. people who earn a living from your tax dollars are answerable only to constituents... and you my friend are not a constituent until you become a citizen with voting rights.

    have fun flaming me back. ;-)

    I agree with rajuram. We are all tax payers. 1. The whole concept of democracy is taxation with representation. 2. People who get paid from my tax dollars are answerable to me as much as they are to anyone else. Even when cis is not forcing me to file gc, its still equally answerable to me for my tax dollars to tell me why they are not doing their jobs properly. And for that cis owes us all apology. What's wrong with that?



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  • h1b_tristate
    07-28 08:35 PM
    Hi Everyone,

    Thanks for your replies. I called a couple of lawyer offices and this is the response i got.

    For the candidate to switch jobs here are the rules:

    1) The labour in the new company should be filed 365 days BEFORE the end of the second H1B.
    AND
    2) To keep getting 3 year extentions, your I-140 in the First company should be approved
    AND
    3) The First company should NOT revoke your existing Green Card application.




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  • needhelp!
    10-09 04:21 PM
    members wanted..



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  • suratvoice
    12-17 11:59 AM
    What does career progression mean ?

    Moving from Senior Programmer Analyst > program manager.

    This is a very gray area.

    Thats the problem, I read a quote somewhere that the Ac-21 is designed to be vague so that there is a lot of leeway - if it was specific then it would be too limiting.

    but since there is hardly any precedent, new people are worried. now this is also on an off chance that there will be an RFE, based on what i read, there might not even be an RFE. i see that you have PMP, so do I, maybe thats one of the reasons i got this job...

    so the question remains... is career progression
    from
    programmer/ software engineer/ software developer/ programmer analyst

    to
    project manager/ program manager/ product manager

    possible?

    We know that it is logical that as a person gets senior, more responsibilities are put on. some prefer to stay on the hard core technical side but some prefer not to.. nothing wrong with either approaches.

    experts/attorneys/experienced people.. your opinion??




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  • Khujaokutta
    05-12 03:38 PM
    Then u should "Condiser Donating"....Condiser not Consider :D



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  • tulips
    05-25 08:51 AM
    Thank you for your reply! He has been out for 9 months now but visited in between. He used H4 to come back and did not get new AP. We did file taxes. How do I know if the application is still valid and it's okay to use EAD?




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  • ski_dude12
    09-26 06:50 PM
    You can do the following to get your case to be picked up-

    1. Open an service request that your case is beyond normal processing times. However it is very likely that since the visa numbers are over for 2010 you might get a response that no visa numbers available and you will have to wait 30 days before you can open SR again.

    2. Contact local congressman
    3. Send email to SCOPSSCATA@dhs.gov giving your case details.

    Mention in all steps above that there is no update to your case even when 2006 cases are getting approved.

    Hope that helps. Do what you can to ensure that your file is picked up.

    This is disheartening...




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  • amitjoey
    05-31 12:19 PM
    Recently joined.

    Contributed $200.

    Thanks Jitamitra




    eilsoe
    10-03 12:12 PM
    Yep!! :P

    About that, I wanted to place something on the left side.. just dunno what, and i changed yer bubbles to an aqua style instead, with a "big" color dodged glow...

    looks weird...




    pappu
    12-30 11:10 PM
    Happy Birthday IV !!!!



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